Instituciones, innovación y transferencia de conocimiento:  contribuciones de los estudios sobre las variedades del capitalismo

Hugo Pinto

doi:10.3989/arbor.2012.753n1003

Autores/as

Hugo Pinto Centro de Estudios Sociales. Universidad de Coimbra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2012.753n1003

Palabras clave:

Transferencia de conocimiento, innovación, instituciones, variedades de capitalismo, sistemas sociales de innovación y producción

Resumen

Este trabajo realiza una interpretación de las teorías sobre las variedades del capitalismo resaltando sus implicaciones para la innovación, en especial para los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento entre la universidad y la empresa. Los estudios de las variedades del capitalismo señalan la importancia de la arquitectura institucional para la competitividad de los países. El debate pone de relieve las complementariedades institucionales como concepto útil en términos teóricos para explicar los procesos de desarrollo, así como necesidad de anclar el análisis institucional en datos empíricos. Estos enfoques son un complemento teórico importante para enmarcar los estudios sobre innovación, donde los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento se consideren uno de los aspectos esenciales del impulso de las innovaciones. El artículo realiza una revisión crítica de tres enfoques sobre variedades de capitalismo: el estudio precursor de Hall y Soskice, el de los sistemas empresariales de Whitley y el enfoque de la gobernanza de Amable y Boyer. Para cada uno de ellos se extraen corolarios que permiten conectarlos con los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento. El resultado señala que el foco central de atención a la empresa debe complementarse con un enfoque sistémico que permite ver la amplia gama de actores, donde la universidad se convierte en uno de los más relevantes. La intervención del gobierno es esencial en la configuración de un comportamiento innovador de los actores, para fomentar y promover el uso de diferentes mecanismos de transferencia de conocimiento.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Akkermans, D. et al. (2009), “Do ‘liberal economies’ really innovate more radically than ‘coordinated market economies’? Hall and Soskice reconsidered”, Research Policy, 38, Elsevier, 181-191.

Amable, B. (2005), Les cinq capitalismes: Diversité des systèmes économiques et sociaux dans la mondialisation, Paris: Seuil.

Amable, B. et al. (1997), Les Systèmes d’Innovation à l’Ére de la Globalisation, Paris: Economica.

Amable, B. y Lung, Y. (2008), The European Socio-Economic Models of a Knowledge- based Society. Main Findings and Conclusion, Cahiers du GREThA 2008- 26, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée.

Amable, B. y Petit, P. (1999), “Identifying the structure of institutions to promote innovation and growth”, CEPREMAP Working Papers, 9919, disponible online en http://www.cepremap.cnrs.fr/couv_orange/co9919.pdf a 26-11- 2009.

Aoki, M. (2001), Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis, Cambridge y Londres: The MIT Press, 1-29.

Asheim, B. y Gertler, M. (2004), “The.geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems” en Fagerberg J. et al. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Asheim B. y Isaksen A. (2002), “Regional Innovation Systems: The Integration of Local ‘Sticky’ and Global ‘Ubiquitous’ Knowledge”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 27, 77-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013100704794

Bercovitz, J. y Feldman, M. (2005), “Entrepreneurial Universities and Technology Transfer: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Knowledge-Based Economic Development”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, 31, 175-188.

Berman, E. P. (2008), “Why Did Universities Start Patenting? Institution-Building and the Road to the Bayh-Dole Act”, Social Studies of Science, 38.

Bok, D. (2003), Universities in the Marketplace - The Commercialization of Higher Education, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Boyer, R. (2004), Une théorie du capitalisme est-elle possible?, Paris: Odile Jacob.

Boyer, R. (2003), “Les institutions dans la théorie de la régulation“, CEPREMAP Working Papers, n. 2003-08, disponible online em www.cepremap.cnrs.fr/couv_orange/co0308.pdf a 26-11- 2009.

Bozeman, B. (2000), “Technology transfer and public policy: A review of research and theory”, Research Policy, 29, Elsevier, 627-655.

Bromley, D. (2006), Sufficient Reason: Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Carrincazeaux, C. y Gaschet, F. (2006), “Knowledge and the Diversity of Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis of European Regions”, Cahiers du GRES, 29, Université Montesquieu- Bordeaux IV.

Carrincazeaux, C.; Lung, Y. y Vicente, J. (2008), “The Scientific Trajectory of the French School of Proximity: Interaction and Institution-based Approaches to Regional Innovation Systems”, European Planning Studies, 16, 617-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654310802049117

Casper, S. (2006), “Export the Silicon Valley to Europe: How Useful is Comparative Institutional Theory?”, en Hager, J. y M. Meeus (eds.), Innovation, Science, and Institutional Change, New York: Oxford University Press, 483-504.

Casper, S. et al. (1999), “Can high-technology industries prosper in Germany: institutional frameworks and the evolution of the German software and biotechnology industries”, Industry and Innovation, Routledge, 6, 6-23.

Cohen W. y Levinthal, D. (1990), “Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393553

Cooke, P. (1998), “Origins of the concept”, en Braczyc, H. J. et al. (eds.), Regional Innovation Systems - The role of governances in a globalized world, 1.ª ed., Londres: UCL Press.

David, P. (1994), Accessing and expanding the science and technology knowledge base, Working Group on Innovation and Technology Policy, Paris: OECD.

Debackere, K. y Veugelers, R. (2005), “The role of academic transfer organizations in improving industry science links”, Research Policy, 34, Elsevier, 321-342.

D’Este, P. y Patel, P. (2007), “Universityindustry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?”, Research Policy, 36, Elsevier, 1295-1313.

Etzkowitz, H. (2003), “Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: The invention of the entrepreneurial university”, Research Policy, 32, Elsevier, 109-121.

Etzkowitz, H. y Leydesdorff L. (eds.) (1997), Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy - A Triple Helix of University- Industry-Government Relations, Londres: Continuum.

Etzkowitz, H. et al. (2000), “The future of the university and the university of the future: Evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm”, Research Policy, 29, Elsevier, 313-30.

European Commission (1995), Livro Verde sobre a Inovação, Bruxelas: CE.

Freeman, C. y Louçã, F. (2004), Ciclos e Crises no Capitalismo Global - Das Revoluções Industriais à Revolução da Informação, Porto: Edições Afrontamento.

Freeman, C. y Perez, C. (1988), “Structural crises of adjustment, business cycles and investment behaviour”, en Dosi, G. et al. (eds.) (1988), Technical Change and Economic Theory, London: Pinter Publishers, 38-66.

Gibbons, M. et al. (1994), The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Londres: Sage.

Goldstein, H. A. (2008), “The ‘entrepreneurial turn’ and regional economic development mission of universities”, Annals of Regional Science, Springer.

Gossling, T. y Rutten, R. (2007), “Innovation in Regions”, European Planning Studies, 15, 2, Taylor & Francis, 253- 270.

Gunasekara, C. (2006), “Reframing the Role of Universities in the Development of Regional Innovation Systems”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(1), Springer, 101-113.

Hall, P. A. y Soskice, D. (2001), “An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism”, en Peter A. Hall y David Soskice (eds.), Varieties of Capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-68.

Hancké, B. (2009), “Introducing the Debate”, en Hancké, B. (ed.) (2009), Debating the Varieties of Capitalism - A Reader, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hessels, L. y van Lente, H. (2008), “Rethinking new knowledge production: A literature review and a research agenda”, Research Policy, 37, Elsevier, 740-760.

Hodgson, G. (2006), “What Are Institutions?”, Journal of Economic Issues, XL (1), 1-25.

Hollingsworth, J. R. y Boyer, R. (1997), “Coordination of Economic Actors and Social Systems of Production”, en J. Rogers Hollingsworth y Robert Boyer (eds.), Contemporary Capitalism: The Embeddedness of Institutions, Nueva York y Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jackson, G. y Deeg, R. (2006), “How Many Varieties of Capitalism? Comparing the Comparative Institutional Analyses of capitalist Diversity”, MPIG Discussion Paper, 06/2.

Latour, B. (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Cambridge Mass, USA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (2005), Reassembling the Social, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Molas-Gallart, J. et al. (2002), Measuring Third Stream Activities: Final Report to the Russell Group of Universities, Brighton: Science and Technology Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex.

Nelson, R. (2008), “What enables rapid economic progress: What are the needed institutions?”, Research Policy, 37, Elsevier, 1-11.

North, D. (1994), “Economics Performance Through Time”, The American Economic Review, 8, 3, 359-368.

OECD (2005), Oslo Manual - Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3.ª ed., Paris: OECD Publications.

Phan, P. H. y Siegel, D. S. (2006), “The Effectiveness of University Technology Transfer: Lessons Learned from Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the U.S. and U.K”, Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics, 06/09, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Economics.

Santos, B. S. (2008), “A Universidade no Século XXI: Para uma Reforma Democrática e Emancipatória da Universidade”, en Santos, B. S. y Filho, N. (2008), A universidade no século XXI: Para uma universidade nova, Coimbra: Edições Almedina.

Solari, S. y Gambarotto, F. (2009), Regional Dispersion of Economic Activities and Models of Capitalism in Europe, Artigo de Apoio à Conferência no Programa de Doutoramento em Governação, Conhecimento e Inovação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, Fevereiro.

Taylor, M. Z. (2004), “Empirical Evidence Against Varieties of Capitalism’s Theory of Technological Innovation”, International Organization, 58, 601- 631.

Teece, D. J. (1986), “Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy”, Research Policy, 15, 285-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2

Whitley, R. (1999), Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Whitley, R. (2003), “Competition and pluralism in the public sciences: The impact of institutional frameworks on the organisation of academic science”, Research Policy, 32, Elsevier, 1015-1029.

Whitley, R. (2007a), Business Systems and Organizational Capabilities - The Institutional Structuring of Competitive Competencies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Whitley, R. (2007b), Constructing universities as trategic actors: Limitations and varieties, Comunicación presentada en el Simposio “The Univesrity in the market”, Estocolmo, 1-3 de noviembre.