Las micotoxinas: el enemigo silencioso

Antonio Javier Ramos Girona; Sonia Marín Sillué; Francisco Molino Gahete; Pilar Vila Donat; Vicente Sanchis Almenar

doi:10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1004

Autores/as

Antonio Javier Ramos Girona Universitat de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-8299
Sonia Marín Sillué Universitat de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-6155
Francisco Molino Gahete Universitat de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-3482
Pilar Vila Donat Universitat de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-3508
Vicente Sanchis Almenar Universitat de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-8098

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1004

Palabras clave:

micotoxinas, aflatoxinas, mohos filamentosos, cambio climático, exposición, detoxificación

Resumen

Las micotoxinas son metabolitos fúngicos secundarios que pueden ejercer un efecto tóxico tanto en el hombre como en los animales debido, principalmente, a su exposición a través de los alimentos. La presencia de estos compuestos ha sido demostrada en una amplia variedad de materias primas, alimentos y piensos, en los que lo habitual es encontrar de forma frecuente una contaminación múltiple por diferentes micotoxinas, en pequeñas cantidades, lo que puede generar efectos tóxicos subcrónicos, así como bioacumulación. Este artículo revisa los principales elementos que configuran la problemática de las micotoxinas para el hombre y los animales, y aborda los retos de futuro que se plantean en el estudio de las micotoxinas, entre los que destacan el efecto que el cambio climático puede tener sobre el patrón de contaminación por micotoxinas en los alimentos, el descubrimiento creciente de nuevas micotoxinas en formas modificadas, la evaluación de la coexistencia de estas toxinas y otros contaminantes, y las formas para detectar e intentar eliminar estos compuestos tóxicos de los alimentos.

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Citas

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