El giro del cuerpo: historia y política de los corpóreo

Roger Cooter

doi:10.3989/arbor.2010.743n1204

Autores/as

Roger Cooter Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine. University College London

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2010.743n1204

Palabras clave:

Foucault, biopoder, historia de la medicina, historia cultural, representaciones, presentacionalismo, políticas de la vida, biologización

Resumen

En este artículo se evalúa el tratamiento de lo corporal en la historia desde un reciente pasado foucaultiano hasta el presente. El “giro somático”, se argumenta, no sólo puso de moda el cuerpo en los textos de historia sino que cuestionó de manera fundamental la naturaleza misma de la historia como forma de investigación. En este trabajo resumimos primero la concepción anti-esencialista del cuerpo que Foucault desarrolla a través de sus conceptos de “biopoder” y “biopolítica”, para después discutir el impacto del giro somático en la nueva historia cultural. Se discute el modo representacionalista de expresión foucaultiano en relación con las reacciones “experienciales” que ha suscitado así como el espacio que se abre para un nuevo y políticamente alarmante tipo de esencialismo, el “presentacionalismo”. Se discuten otras dos alternativas posibles para el tratamiento del cuerpo en la historia hoy en día, una radicalmente neo-esencialista y la otra no, dado su esfuerzo por sacar a la luz los aspectos políticos en torno a la contemporánea vida biologizada.

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