Ver para creer. Los museos sobre el comunismo como espacios simbólicos

José Carlos Rueda Laffond

doi:10.3989/arbor.2023.809006

Autores/as

José Carlos Rueda Laffond Universidad Complutense de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-2968

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2023.809006

Palabras clave:

Comunismo, museos, símbolos políticos, memoria, representaciones

Resumen

Este artículo propone una panorámica sobre los principales museos dedicados al comunismo en Europa Central y del Este. Se aproxima al estado de la cuestión, que los ha interpretado en relación con la historia pública, las políticas transnacionales de rememoración poscomunista o el influjo de las prácticas de recuerdo del Holocausto. El texto sugiere que estas instalaciones deben ser leídas como narrativas de memoria y que sus relatos resignifican materiales muy dispares que operan a través de una intensa re-simbolización mediante distintas estrategias -espectaculares, empáticas, inmersivas-, orientadas a conmemorar un pasado traumático, pero también a dotarle de una pátina nostálgica. Desde dicho supuesto, en la segunda parte del trabajo se propone una clasificación relativamente flexible de los centros estudiados: los museos de nueva planta entendidos como narrativas del sufrimiento, los configurados desde la autoridad simbólica del lugar de memoria o los que ofrecen una exposición centrada en la vida cotidiana durante el socialismo. El resultado es una imagen, hasta cierto punto poliédrica, que incluye la representación del totalitarismo y el genocidio, el absurdo histórico, la cultura banal o el icono kitsch.

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