From undesirables to illegals: an approach to migrant irregularity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2010.744n1225Keywords:
Irregular migration, migration policies, United States, France, United Kingdom and GermanyAbstract
The hipothesis of this paper is that irregular migration is not the simple consequence of entering in the territory of a State without authorization, however it is produced through legal and political measures. Migrations considered unauthorized do not have an static reference, the reference has evolved depending on sociohistorical circunstances. The objective is to denaturalize the use of the term “irregular migration” in light of historians and sociologists’ understandings on the production of migrant irregularity. In order to achieve this aim I will engage in making some conceptual accuracies that clarify the different ways to designate this fenomenon and the realities it contains. Hence, it will be checked the way some flows have been identified as irregular in the United States, France, United Kingdom and Germany in the postwar period. Furthermore, an outline of its evolution will be made.
Downloads
References
Bade, K. (2003): Europa en movimiento: las migraciones desde finales del siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días, Barcelona, Crítica.
Böcker, A. (ed.) (1998): Regulation of migration: international experiences, Amsterdam, Het Spinhuis.
Brotherton, D. y Kretsedemas, P. (ed.) (2008): “Open Markets, Militarized Borders? Immigration Enforcement Today” en Brotherton, D. y Kretsedemas, P. (ed.): Keeping out the other: A critical introduction to immigration enforcement today, Nueva York, Columbia U. P., pp. 1-28.
Brubaker, R. (1994): Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, Cambridge, Harvard U. P.
Bustamante, J. (1977): “Undocumented Immigration from Mexico: Research Report”, International Migration Review, 11(2), pp. 149-177. doi:10.2307/2545156 PMid:12278785
Caestecker, F. (1998): “The Changing Modalities of Regulation in International Migration within Continental Europe, 1870-1940”, en Böcker, A. (ed.), Regulation of Migration, Amsterdam, Het Spinhuis.
Caestecker, F. (2000): Alien policy in Belgium, 1840-1940. The Creation of Guest Workers, Refugees and Illegal Aliens, Nueva York y Oxford, Berghahn Books.
Calavita, K. (1992): Inside the state: the bracero program, immigration, and the I.N.S., Nueva York, Routledge.
Calavita, K. (1995): “Mexican Immigration to the USA: The Contradictions of Border Control”, en Cohen, R. (ed.), The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge, Cambridge U. P., pp. 236-244.
Calavita, K. (1998): “Immigratioin Policymaking: Contradictions, myths, and backlash”, en Böcker, A. (ed.): Regulation of migration: international experiences, Amsterdam, Het Spinhuis, pp. 139-158.
Calavita, K. (2005): Immigrants at the margins: law, race, and exclusion in Southern Europe, Cambridge y Nueva York, Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511493942
Calavita, K. y Suárez Navaz, L. (2003): “Spanish Immigration Law and the Construction of Difference: Citizens and ‘Illegals’ on Europe’s Southern Border” en Perry, R. W. y Maurer, B. (eds.): Globalization under Construction: Governmentality, Law and Identity, Minneapolis y Londres, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 99-127.
Castles, S. (1986): “The Guest-Worker in Western Europe - An Obituary”, International Migration Review, 20(4), pp. 761-778. doi:10.2307/2545735 PMid:12268288
Castles, S, y Kosack, G. (1984): Los trabajadores inmigrantes y la estructura de clases en la europa occidental, México, FCE.
Castles, S. y Miller, M. (2004): La era de la migración: Movimientos internacionales de población en el mundo moderno, México, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas.
Couper, K. y Santamaria, U. (1984): “An Elusive Concept: The Changing Definition of Illegal Immigrant in the Practice of Immigration Control in the United Kingdom”, International Migration Review, 18(3), pp. 437-452. doi:10.2307/2545879 PMid:12339918
Coutin, S. B. (2000): Legalizing moves: Salvadoran immigrants’ struggle for U.S. Residency, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.
Dauvergne, C. (2008): Making people illegal: What Globalization means for Migration and Law, Nueva York, Cambridge U. P.
De Genova, N. (2002): “Migrant “Illegality” and Deportability in Everyday Life”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, pp. 419-447. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085432
De Genova, N. (2004): “La produzione giuridica dell’illegalità: Il caso dei migranti messicani negli Stati Uniti”, en Mezzadra, S. (ed.), I confini della libertà: per un’analisi politica delle migrazioni contemporanee, Roma, DeriveApprodi, pp. 181-215.
De Genova, N. (2006): “La ‘ilegalidad’ migratoria y la metafísica del antiterrorismo: los ‘derechos de los inmigrantes’ como secuelas del Estado de Seguridad Nacional” extraído de http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=41021
De Genova, N. y Ramos-Zayas, A. (2003): Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citicienship, New York and London, Routledge.
Dummet, M. (2004): Sobre inmigración y refugiados, Madrid, Cátedra.
Düvell, F. (2008): “Clandestine migration in Europe”, Social Science Information, 47(4), pp. 479-497. doi:10.1177/0539018408096442
Düvell, F. (2010): “Irregular Migration: A global, historical and economic perspective”, en Vertovec, S. (ed.), Migration, Abingdon, Routledge, vol. 2, pp. 289-310.
Fargues, P. (2009): “Work, Refuge, Transit: An Emerging Pattern of Irregular Immigration South and East of the Mediterranean”, International Migration Review, 43 (3), 544-577. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00777.x
Gutiérrez, D. (1995): Walls and mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican immigrants and the politics of ethnicity, San Francisco, University of California Press.
Hayter, T. (2004): Open Borders: The Case Against Immigration Controls, Londres, Pluto Press.
Heckmann, F. (2004): “Illegal Migration: What Can We Know And What Can We Explain? The Case of Germany”, International Migration Review, 38 (3), pp. 1103-1125. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00230.x
Joppke, C. (1999): Inmigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany and Great Britain, Oxford, Oxford U. P. doi:10.1093/0198295405.001.0001
Koser, K. (2005): “Irregular migration, state security and human security”, extraído de http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19282
Lee, E. (2002): “Enforcing the Borders: Chinese Exclusion along the U.S. Borders with Canada and Mexico, 1882-1924”, The Journal of American History, 89(1), pp. 54-86. doi:10.2307/2700784
López Sala, A. M. (2003): “La inmigración irregular en la investigación sociológica”, en Godenau, D. y Zapata Hernández, V. M. (eds.): La inmigración una aproximación interdisciplinar, Tenerife, Observatorio de la Inmigración en Tenerife, pp. 161-184.
Massey, D. S. y Liang, Z. (1989): “The long term consequenes of a temporary worker program: the US Bracero experience”, Population Research and Policy Reviwe, 8(3), pp. 199-226. doi:10.1007/BF00125401
Mezzadra, S. (ed.) (2004): I confini della libertà: per un’analisi politica delle migrazioni contemporanee, Roma, DeriveApprodi.
Neuman, G. (2005): “Qualitative Migration Controls in the Antebellum United States”, en Fahrmeir, A.; Faron, O. y Weil, P. (eds.), Migration Control in the North Atlantic World, Nueva York y Oxford, Berghahn Books, pp. 106-119.
Nevins, J. (2002): Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the “illegal Alien” and the Making of the U.S.-Mexico Boundary, Nueva York y Londres, Routledge.
Ngai, M. (1999): “The Architecture of Race in American Immigration Law: A Reexamination of the Immigration Act of 1924”, Journal of American History, 86 (1), pp. 67-92. doi:10.2307/2567407
Ngai, M. (2003): “The Strange Career of the Illegal Alien: Immigration Restriction and Deportation Policy in the United States, 1921-1965”, Law and History Review, 21(1), disponible en http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/21.1/ngai.html
Ngai, M. (2004): Impossible Subjects: illegal aliens and the making of modern America, Princeton, Princeton U. P.
Nopper, T. (2008): “Why Black Immigrants Matter: Refocusing the Discussion on Racism and Immigration Enforcement”, en Brotherton, D. y Kretsedemas, P. (ed.): Keeping out the other: A critical Introduction to Immigration Enforcement Today, Nueva York, Columbia U. P., pp. 204-237.
Reyneri, E. (2003): “Illegal Immigration and the Underground Economy” extraído de http://hdl.handle.net/1885/41778
Rist, R. C. (1979): “Migration and Marginality: Guestworkeres in Germany and France”, Daedalus, 108(2), pp. 95-108.
Samora, J. (1971): Los Mojados, the Wetback Story, Notre Dame y Londres, University of Notre Dame Press.
Sanz Díaz, C. (2004): “Clandestinos”, “ilegales”, “espontáneos”...: La emigración irregular de españoles a Alemania en el contexto de las relaciones hispano-alemanas, 1960-1973, Madrid, Comisión Española de Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales.
Sassen, S. (1999): Guests and Aliens, Nueva York, The New Press.
Schrover, M.; Van der Leun, J.; Lucassen, L. y Quispel, C. (2008): “Introduction: Illegal migration and gender in a global and historical perspective”, en Schrover, M. et al. (ed.), Illegal migration and Gender in a Global and Historical Perspective, Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.P., pp. 9-38.
Stoddard, E. R. (1976): “A conceptual Analysis of the “Alien Invasion”: institutionalized Support of Illegal Mexican Aliens in the U.S.”, International Migration Review, 10(2), pp. 157-189. doi:10.2307/2545128
Strozza, S. (2004): “Estimates of the illegal foreigners in Italy: a review of the literature”, International Migration Review, 38(4), pp. 309-331.
Suárez Navaz, L. (2005): “Ciudadanía y migración: ¿un oxímoron?”, en Cuadernos del Observatorio de las migraciones y la Convivencia Intercultural de la Comunidad de Madrid (OMC), n.º 4, pp. 29-47.
Van Ejil, C. (2008): “Tracing back ‘illegal aliens’ in the Netherlands, 1850-1940”, en Schrover, M. et al. (ed.): Illegal migration and Gender in a Global and Historical Perspective, Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.P., pp. 39-56.
Weil, P. (1991): La France Et Ses Étrangers: L’aventure D’une Politique De L’inmigration 1938-1991, París, Calmann-Lévy.
Wihtol de Wenden, C. (1990): “The Absence of Rights: the Position of Illegal Immigrants”, en Layton-Henry, Z. (ed.): The Political Rights of Migrant Workers in Western Europe, Londres, Sage Publications, pp. 27-47.
Zolberg, A. (2005): “The Archaelogy of ‘Remote Control’”, en Fahrmeir, A.; Faron, O. y Weil, P. (eds.), Migration Control in the North Atlantic World, Nueva York y Oxford, Berghahn Books, pp. 195-222.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.