El cáncer hereditario en mujeres

Rafael Morales Chamorro; Isabel Chirivella González; Gemma Llort Pursals; Ana Beatriz Sánchez Heras; Raquel Serrano Blanch; Alexandre Teule Vega; Carmen Guillén Ponce; Begoña Graña Suárez

doi:10.3989/arbor.2015.773n3008

Autores/as

Rafael Morales Chamorro Hospital de Alcázar de San Juan
Isabel Chirivella González Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia
Gemma Llort Pursals Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí
Ana Beatriz Sánchez Heras Hospital General Universitario de Elche
Raquel Serrano Blanch Hospital Reina Sofía
Alexandre Teule Vega Hospital Duran i Reynals
Carmen Guillén Ponce Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
Begoña Graña Suárez Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2015.773n3008

Palabras clave:

BRCA1, BRCA2, cáncer colorrectal, cáncer de endometrio, cáncer hereditario, cáncer de mama, cáncer de ovario, consejo genético, genes reparadores, síndrome de Lynch

Resumen

La mayoría de los casos de cáncer son esporádicos, entre un 20-30% presentan agregación familiar, mientras que solo el 5 -10% son de carácter hereditario. Las familias e individuos en los que se sospecha que padecen cáncer hereditario deben someterse a un proceso de asesoramiento genético, que es de gran importancia para la prevención y detección temprana de tumores malignos. Los síndromes más frecuentes de cáncer hereditario son el síndrome de mama-ovario hereditario, la poliposis adenomatosa familiar y el síndrome de Lynch. El diagnóstico genético facilita realizar una estimación de los riesgos de desarrollar diferentes cánceres, permitiendo tomar decisiones de vigilancia y preventivas que reducen estos riesgos. El objetivo final es reducir la mortalidad por cáncer mediante el diagnóstico precoz y la prevención.

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Citas

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