Einstein y la complejidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2007.i728.150Keywords:
Einstein. Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, specific heat of solids, stimulated light emission, Bose-Eisnstein condensationAbstract
We study Einstein’s contributions to thermodynamics and statistical physics and their influence on some fields of physics which have led to current studies on complexity. We focus our attention on the use of fluctuations and entropy as a common framework for light and matter, whcich leds him to some of his fundamental contributions (phtoelectric effect, Brownian motion, specific heat of solids, stimulated light emission, Bose-Einstein condensation). We underline some aspects of Einstein’s research style: extrapolations, analogies, simplifications. We underline the relationship between light and matter as a common link of his researches in statistical physics.
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Las versiones originales (en alemán) de los artículos publicados por Einstein en Annalen der Physik entre 1901 y 1922 se pueden consultar en http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/
Einstein, A. (1902): “Kinetische Theorie des Wärmegleichgewichtes und des zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik”, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 9 417-433.
Einstein, A. (1903): “Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik”, Ann. Phys., 11, 170-187.doi:10.1002/andp.19033160510
Einstein, A. (1904): “Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Wärme”, Ann. Phys., 14, 354-362.doi:10.1002/andp.19043190707
Einstein, A. (1905): “Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristichen Gesichtspunkt”, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 17, 132.
Einstein, A. (1905): “Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen”, Ann. Phys., 17, 549-560.doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806
Einstein, A. (1906): “Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen”, Ann. Phys., 19, 289.doi:10.1002/andp.19063240204
Einstein, A. (1906): “Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung”, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 19, 371.
Einstein, A. (1907): “Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen”, Jahrb. Radioakt. Elektron., 4, 411.
Einstein, A. (1907): “Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme”, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 22, 180-190.
Einstein, A. (1908): “Die grudlegende Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung”, Zeit. für Elektrochemie, 14, 235.
Einstein, A. (1924): “Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gase. I”, Preuss Akad. Wissens, Sitzungber, 22, 261.
Einstein, A. (1925): “Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gase. II”, Preuss Akad. Wissens, Sitzungber, 23, 3. Dannen, G. (1997): “Los refrigeradores de Einstein-Szilard”, Investigación y Ciencia, marzo, 68-74.
García-Ripoll, J. J.; Paredes, B. and Cirac, J. I. (2003): “Átomos a muy baja temperatura: de los condensados de Bose-Einstein a los sistemas altamente correlacionados”, Revista Española de Física, 17, 40-44.
Klein, M. J. (1982): “Fluctuations and statistical physics in Einstein’s early work”, en Holton, G. and Elkana, Y. (eds): A. Einstein. Historical and cultural perspectives. The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Kleppner, D. (2005): “Rereading Einstein on radiation”, Physics Today, 58 (February), 30-34.doi:10.1063/1.1897520
Marage, P.; Wallenborn, G. (1995): Les conseils Solvay et les débuts de la physique moderne, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bélgica.
Navarro, L. (1990): Einstein, profeta y hereje, Metatemas, Tusquets, Barcelona.
Navarro, L. (1998): “Gibbs, Einstein and the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics”, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci., 53, 147-170.doi:10.1007/s004070050025
Pais, A. (1982): Subtle is the Lord... The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rodríguez Parrondo, J. M. (2005): “Fluctuaciones brownianas y atomicidad”, Revista Española de Física, 19 19-24.
Vidal, F. (2000): “La constante de Planck a escala macroscópica: superfluidos y superconductores”, Revista Española de Física, 14, 77-81.
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