Gender-related biological differences in cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2015.773n3003Keywords:
estrogens, lung cancer, tobaccoAbstract
Several studies show that women are potentially more susceptible to developing lung cancer (LC). Specifically, women are more prone to adenocarcinomas, they usually develop the disease younger, are diagnosed at earlier stages, and female non-smokers are at higher risk. On the other hand, no particular cause has been detected for all LC, which suggests the presence of additive synergistic effects among several causes, in conjunction with predisposing and risk factors for LC. In line with this, the hypothesis that oestrogens can play a role in LC carcinogenesis is gaining acceptance, although the mechanism by which oestrogens are involved in this process is not clear. Although, on the whole, this review suggests women are more likely to smoke and so potentially more prone to develop LC, the influence of these differential characteristics regarding survival is controversial.
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