Por qué aquí el Ser y no más bien en la Nada: el principio antrópico y el SETI frente a una teleología astronómica

Ricardo Gutiérrez Aguilar

doi:10.3989/arbor.2024.811.2702

Authors

Ricardo Gutiérrez Aguilar Universidad de Alcalá – UAH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-8419

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2024.811.2702

Keywords:

anthropic principle, astrobioethics, teleology, Fermi paradox, Drake equation

Abstract

The new age of spatial exploration has often weighed the possibilities that our planet has of being the sole cosmic place within the universe in which intelligent life has developed. Astrophysics and astrobiology have considered these possibilities with numbers. This existential unease has been reflected in the form of several scientific scales that measure the relative importance of the expected impact on our civilization from an encounter with extra-terrestrial intelligent life. Unfortunately, the measured consequences have been limited to scientific factors and hypothetical damage control, and to their credibility for public opinion. Even so, the available scales have forgotten the anthropological, moral and philosophical transcendence for our species of this event.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alexander, Victoria (2003). Extraterrestrial life and religion. En James R. Lewis (ed.) Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions (pp. 359-370). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

Almár, Iván y Race, Margaret S. (2011). Discovery of extra-terrestrial life: assessment by scales of its importance and associated risk. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Academy, 369, 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0227 PMid:21220291

Asla, Mariano. (2016). Xenophilosophy and the knowledge of ourselves. Science, Religion, and Culture. 3(2), 96-109.

Berezin, Aleksander (2018). 'First in, last out'. Solution to the Fermi Paradox. Articulo consultado por última vez el 31 de marzo de 2023. arXiv:1803.08425 [physics.pop-ph]

Binzel, Richard P. (1997). A Near-Earth Object Hazard Index. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 882 (1), 545-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48366.x

Bracewell, Ronald N. (1979). An extended Drake's equation, the longevity-separation relation, equilibrium, inhomogeneities and chain formation. Acta Astronautica, 6, 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(79)90147-4

Brin, Glen D. (1983). The 'Great Silence': the Controversy concerning Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 24, 283-309

Bruno, Giordano (1993[1584]). Del infinito: el universo y los mundos. Madrid: Alianza Universidad.

Carter, Brandon (1983). The anthropic principle and its implications for biological evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 310, 347-363. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1983.0096

Choi, Steven et al (2020). The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 12, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/045

Circovic, Milan M. (2018). The Great Silence: Science and Philosophy of Fermi's Paradox. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

De Duve, Christian (1995). Vital Dust: Life as a Cosmic Imperative. New York: Basic Books.

Dobruskin, Victor K. (2021). The Planet's Response to Human Activity. Thermodynamic Approach. Open Journal of Ecology, 11 (2), pp. 126-135. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2021.112011

Dominik, Martin y Zarneki, John C. (2011). The detection of extra-terrestrial life and the consequences for science and society. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Academy, 369, 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0236 PMid:21220276

Drake, Frank (2013). Reflections on the Equation. International Journal of Astrobiology, 12 (3), 173-176. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550413000207

Emspak, Jesse (2016). ET's Wow! signal may be just comets. New Scientist, 16, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(16)30111-7

Esposito, Roberto (2005). Immunitas: protección y negación de la vida. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.

Fimmel, Richard O. , Van Allen, James y Burgess, Eric (1980). Pioneer: First to Jupiter, Saturn, and Beyond. Washington: NASA.

Fischer, Henry W. (2008). Response to disaster: facts versus fiction and its perpetuation, the sociology of disaster. Lanham: University Press of America.

Forgan, Duncan H. (2019). Solving Fermi's Paradox. Cambridge: Cambridge: University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316681510

Freud, Sigmund (1974[1917]). Una dificultad del psicoanálisis. En Obras Completas. Tomo VII. (1916-1924). Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2432-2437.

Gatti, Hilary (2002). The Natural Philosophy of Giordano Bruno. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 26, 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4975.261057

Gleiser, Marcelo (2010). Drake Equation for the Multiverse: From the String Landscape to Complex Life. International Journal of Modern Physics, 19 (8-10), 1299-1308. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271810017949

Gómez de Liaño, Ignacio (2010). El idioma de la imaginación: ensayo sobre la memoria, la imaginación y el tiempo. Madrid: Tecnos.

Haqq-Misra, Jacob y Baum, Seth (2009). The Sustainability Solution to the Fermi Paradox. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 62, 47-51.

Haraway, Donna (2013). The Biopolitics of Postmodern Bodies: Constitution of Self in Immune System Discourse. En Timothy Campbell y Adam Sitze (eds.). Biopolitics (pp. 274-309). Durham & London: Duke University Press.

Harrison, Arthur A. (2011). Fear, pandemonium, equanimity and delight: human responses to extra-terrestrial life. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369 (1936), 656-668. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0229 PMid:21220289

Husserl, Edmund (2006). La Tierra no se mueve. Madrid: Editorial Complutense.

Kardashev, Nikolái S. (1964). Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations. Soviet Astronomy, 8, 217-221.

Kipping, David, Frank, Adam y Scharf, Caleb (2020). Contact Inequality: First Contact will likely be with an older civilization. International Journal of Astrobiology, 19 (6), 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550420000208

Leibniz, Gottfried W. (2003). Escritos filosóficos. Madrid: Antonio Machado.

Loeb, Avi (15 10 de 2021). Was Our Universe Created in a Laboratory? Scientific American. https://aeon.co/essays/how-the-discovery-of-extraterrestrial-life-would-change-morality https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican122021-5Xo2L7siZIlSzNqU4NjhmD

Maccone, Claudio (2010). The Statistical Drake Equation. Acta Astronautica, 67, 1366-1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.05.003

Mulgan, Tim (5 de 12 de 2017). How the discovery of extraterrestrial life would change morality. Aeon.

Mulgan, Tim (2015). Purpose in the Universe: The Moral and Metaphysical Case for Ananthropocentric Purposivism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646142.001.0001

Musso, P. (2012). The problem of active SETI. An Overview. Acta Astronautica. 78, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.12.019

Newton, Isaac (1987). Principios matemáticos de la Filosofía natural. Madrid: Tecnos.

Oparin, Aleksandr I. y Gladilin, Kyril L. (1980). Evolution of Self-Asembly of Probionts. BioSystems, 12, 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(80)90011-8 PMid:7397320

Persson, Erik (2012). The Moral Status of Extraterrestrial Life. Astrobiology, 12 (10), 976-984. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0787 PMid:23013271

Peters, Ted (2011). The implications of the discovery of extra-terrestrial life for religion. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369 (1936), pp. 644-655. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0234 PMid:21220288

Peters, Ted y Froehlig, Julie (2008). Peters ETI Religious Crisis Survey. Institute for Theology and Ethics. Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences at the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley CA. https://counterbalance.org/etsurv/PetersETISurveyRep.pdf. Consultado el 31 de marzo de 2023.

Pierson, Thomas (2006). SETI Institute as a model for managing interdisciplinary science. Acta Astronautica, 58, 478-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.12.012

Schaeffer, Jean-Marie (2009). El fin de la excepción humana. México: FCE. SETI Institute Webpage. (31 de marzo de 2023). https://www.seti.org/.

Vailati, Ezio (1997). Leibniz & Clarke: A Study of their Correspondence. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113990.001.0001

Vakoch, Douglas (2013). Extraterrestrial Altruism. Evolution and Ethics in the Cosmos. Mountain View (California): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37750-1

Ward, Peter y Brownlee, Douglas (2000). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe. New York: Copernicus/Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/b97646

Webb, Stephen (2015). If the Universe Is teeming with Aliens… Where is Everybody? Portsmouth: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13236-5

Zaitsev, Aleksander L. (2011). METI: Messaging to ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence. En Howard PaulSchuch (Ed.), Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (pp. 399-428). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13196-7_21