Program and govern. Technological-political disputes in the era of smart cities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2022.803-804004Keywords:
Smart city, government technologies, subjectivation, digital technologies, FoucaultAbstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse the recent emergence of political-corporate discourse on the notion of the smart city. We describe the link between digital technologies that make up its basic infrastructure and the power relations that underlie its modes of application and management in urban space. To do this, we adopt the analytical approach of governmentality studies (Foucault), as this critical perspective on government rationalities over people’s behaviour considers both control devices and the processes of subjectivation and resistance that run through the new «smart-neoliberal» forms of government in urban life. Analysis of government strategies in smart cities will also show that government commitments in cities consist mainly of the programming of urban dynamics. In this way, we will finally point to a necessary reflection on the technological-political disputes that arise in the heart of so-called «smart cities», thus putting a strain on their premises as well as on the population management practices associated with digital technologies.
Downloads
References
Banco Mundial (2016). World Development Report 2016. Digital Dividends. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Bennett, Lance y Segerberg, Alexandra (2013). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139198752
Cathelat, Bernard (2019). Smart Cities. Shaping the Society of 2030. Paris: UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.18356/4fbeee77-en
Charnock, Greig; March, Hug y Ribera-Fumaz, Ramon (2021). From Smart to Rebel City? Worlding, provincialising and the Barcelona Model. Urban Studies Journal, 58(3): 581-600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872119
Castro-Gómez, Santiago (2015). Historia de la gubernamentalidad I. Razón de Estado, liberalismo y neoliberalismo en Michel Foucault. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores.
Costa, Flavia (2017). Omnes et singulatim en el nuevo orden informacional. Gubernamentalidad algorítmica y vigilancia genética. Poliética, 5(1): 40-73.
Crampton, Jeremy y Elden, Stuart (eds.) (2007). Space, Knowledge and Power. Foucault and Geography. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Deleuze, Gilles (2015). La subjetivación. Curso sobre Foucault. Buenos Aires: Cactus.
Deleuze, Gilles (1999). Post-scriptum sobre las sociedades de control. En: Gilles Deleuze Conversaciones. 1972-1990. Valencia: Pre-Textos, pp. 277-286.
Dirks, Susanne y Keeling, Mary (2009). Ciudades más inteligentes, Hacia un nuevo modelo de eficiencia y sostenibilidad. IBM Institute for Business Value. Disponible en: https://www.ibm.com/expressadvantage/mx/include_ext/files/Ciudades_inteligentes.pdf
Elden, Stuart (2019). Gubernamentalidad, cálculo, territorio. En: Aldo Avellaneda, Guillermo Vega (comp.). Conductas que importan. Variantes de análisis de los Estudios en Gubernamentalidad. Corrientes: EUDENE, pp. 131-154.
Fernández, Manuel (2016). La Smart City como imaginario socio-tecnológico. Madrid: Instituto Juan de Herrera.
Foucault, Michel (2016). Historia de la sexualidad 1. La voluntad de saber. México: Siglo XXI.
Foucault, Michel (2009). La arqueología del saber. México: Siglo XXI.
Foucault, Michel (2007). Nacimiento de la biopolítica. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Foucault, Michel (2006). Seguridad, territorio y población. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Foucault, Michel (2003). Vigilar y Castigar. Nacimiento de la prisión. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
Foucault, Michel (2000). Defender la sociedad. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Foucault, Michel (1988). Technologies of the Self. En: Martin Luther, Huck Gutman y Patrick Hutton (eds). Technologies of the Self: A seminar with Michel Foucault. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, pp. 16-49.
Gabrys, Jennifer (2016). Program earth: Environmental Sensing Technology and the Making of a Computational Planet. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816693122.001.0001
Harvey, David (2013). Ciudades rebeldes. Del derecho de la ciudad a la revolución urbana. Madrid: Akal.
Hollands, Robert (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3): 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126
Jobe, Kevin (2020). Foucault and urban philosophy. En: Sharon Meagher y Samantha Noll, Jospeh Biehl (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of the City. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 87-100. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315681597-8
Kitchin, Rob (2021). Data Lives. How Data Are Made and Shape Our World. Bristol: Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215144.001.0001
Kitchin, Rob (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
Klauser, Francisco; Passche, Till y Söderström, Ola (2014a). Smart cities as corporate storytelling. City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action, 18(3): 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.906716
Klauser, Francisco; Passche, Till y Söderström, Ola (2014b). Michel Foucault and the smart city: power dynamics inherent in contemporary governing through code. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32: 869-885. https://doi.org/10.1068/d13041p
Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor y Ramge, Thomas (2018). Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data. New York: Basic Books.
Miller, Peter y Rose, Nikolas (2008). Governing the present. Administering Economic, Social and Personal Life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Morozov, Evgeny y Bria, Francesca (2018). Rethinking the Smart City. Democratizing Urban Technology. New York: Rosa Luxemburg Stifung.
Mosco, Vincent (2019). The Smart City in a Digital World. Bingley: Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787691353
Negri, Antonio (2020). De la fábrica a la metrópolis. Buenos Aires: Cactus.
Lemke, Thomas (2012). Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique. New York: Routledge.
Osborne, Thomas y Rose, Nikolas (1999). Governing cities: notes on the spatialisation of virtue. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 17(6): 737-760. https://doi.org/10.1068/d170737
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (2020). Smart Cities and Inclusive Growth. Paris: OECD.
Peugeot, Valérie (2016). ¿Colaborativa o inteligente? La ciudad entre dos imaginarios. URBS. Revista de Estudios Urbanos y Ciencias Sociales, 6(2): 63-81.
Rodrigues, Nuno (2016) Algorithmic Governmentality, smart Cities and Spatial Justice. Justice Spatiale/Spatial Justice, 10: 1-22.
Rodrigues, Nuno; Vale, Mário y Costa, Pedro (2020). Urban experimentation and smart cities: a Foucauldian and autonomist approach. Territory, Politics, Governance: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2020.1777896
Rodríguez, Pablo (2018). Gubernamentalidad algorítmica. Sobre las formas de subjetivación en la sociedad de los metadatos. Revista Barda, 4(6): 14-35.
Rouvroy, Antoinette y Berns, Thomas (2016). Gubernamentalidad algorítmica y perspectivas de emancipación. ¿La disparidad como condición de individuación a través de la relación? Adenda Filosófica 1: 88-116.
Rovira, Guiomar (2017). Activismo en red y multitudes conectadas. Comunicación y acción en la era de Internet. México D. F.: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Sadowski, Jathan y Pasquale, Frank (2015). The spectrum of control: A social theory of the smart city. First Monday, 20(7-6): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i7.5903
Shelton, Taylor; Zook, Matthew y Wiig, Alan (2015). The actually existing smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu026
Schoreck, Michael; Shockley, Rebecca; Smart, Janet; Romero-Morales, Dolores y Tufano, Peter (2012). Analytics: el uso de big data en el mundo real. Madrid: IBM.
Tello, Andrés Maximiliano (2020). Tecnologías insurgentes. Apropiación tecnológica y disidencias maquínicas en América Latina. En: Andrés Maximiliano Tello (ed.). Tecnología, política y algoritmos en América Latina. Viña del Mar: Cenaltes Ediciones, pp. 55-77.
Tironi, Martín. (2019). Experimentando con lo urbano: políticas, discursos y prácticas de la ciudad inteligente y la datificación. Athenea Digital. Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, 19(2): e2366.
United Nations (2020). World Social Report 2020. Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World. Disponibles en: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/02/World-Social-Report2020-FullReport.pdf
United Nations (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision: key facts. Disponible en: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-KeyFacts.pdf.
Urabayen, Julia y León, Jorge (2018). Espacio, poder y gubernamentalidad. Arquitectura y urbanismo en la obra de Foucault. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, XL(112): 181-212. https://doi.org/10.22201/iie.18703062e.2018.112.2634
Vanolo, Alberto (2014). Smartmentality: The Smart City as Disciplinary Strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5): 883-898. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013494427
Wang, Ding (2017). Foucault and the Smart City. Design Journal, 20(1): 4378-4386. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352934
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
Funding data
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Grant numbers 11201122






