La implicación de las frutas y hortalizas en las toxiinfecciones alimentarias y la relevancia del estado fisiológico de las bacterias

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1005

Palabras clave:

vegetales frescos, viable no cultivable, seguridad alimentaria, bacterias patógenas, producción primaria

Resumen


Las frutas y hortalizas han sido siempre noticia debido principalmente a sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud. Sin embargo, cada vez más ocupan titulares debido a su implicación en toxiinfecciones alimentarias. Por este motivo, desde 2008, las frutas y hortalizas frescas son consideradas por muchos organismos internacionales como un alimento de riesgo. Uno de los principales problemas microbiológicos de las hortalizas de hojas son las bacte­rias entéricas que pueden adherirse rápidamente al tejido durante el cultivo, coexistir con las bacterias epífitas y persistir por largos periodos de tiempo. La prevalencia de microorganismos patógenos en las frutas y hortalizas es baja ( < 1%) y la cuantificación de las bac­terias patógenas o de microorganismos indicadores generalmente muestra niveles muy bajos, lo que no justificaría el elevado número de alertas microbiológicas asociadas a este tipo de productos. Sin embargo, existen dudas sobre si los recuentos obtenidos utilizan­do las técnicas convencionales son capaces de reflejar realmente todos los microorganismos presentes en el producto vegetal, así como en el agua de riego y en el suelo. Varios estudios han demos­trado que cuando las bacterias son sometidas a distintos factores de estrés entran en un estado temporal de baja actividad metabóli­ca en el cual las células pueden persistir durante largos periodos de tiempo sin división celular, llamado estado de latencia o viable pero no cultivable (VBNC). La relevancia que el estado fisiológico de las bacterias puede tener en el desarrollo de toxiinfecciones alimenta­rias causadas por las frutas y hortalizas es un tema de gran interés que está atrayendo más y más la atención de los investigadores.

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Recursos en línea

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on micro­biological criteria for foodstuffs. [En línea]. Disponible en https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/?uri=celex:32005R2073

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FSMA Final Rule on Produce Safety. Stan­dards for the Growing, Harvesting, Pac­king, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption. [En línea]. Disponible en https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/fsma-final-ru­le-produce-safety

Publicado

2020-03-30

Cómo citar

Truchado, P., & Allende, A. (2020). La implicación de las frutas y hortalizas en las toxiinfecciones alimentarias y la relevancia del estado fisiológico de las bacterias. Arbor, 196(795), a541. https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1005

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